@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp15898,
            	author={Cardullo, Gabriele and Conti, Maurizio and Ricci, Andrea and Scicchitano, Sergio and Sulis, Giovanni},
            	title={On the Emergence of Cooperative Industrial and Labor Relations},
            	year={2023},
	month={Jan},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={15898},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp15898},
	abstract={We explore the long run determinants of current differences in the degree of cooperative labor relations at local level. We do this by estimating the causal effect of the medieval communes - that were established in certain cities in Centre-Northern Italy towards the end of the 11th century - and that contributed to the emergence of a cooperative attitude in the population on various proxies for current cooperative labor relations. Conditional on a large set of firm and municipality level controls, as well as a full set of province fixed effects, we find that firms located in municipalities that had been a free medieval commune in the past, have higher current probabilities to adopt two-tier bargaining structures and to be unionized. We also report IV and propensity score estimates that confirm our main results.},
	keywords={unions;two-tier bargaining;industrial relations;cooperation;persistence},
            }