@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp15893,
            	author={Braakmann, Nils and Hirsch, Boris},
            	title={Unions as Insurance: Employer–Worker Risk Sharing and Workers' Outcomes during COVID-19},
            	year={2023},
	month={Jan},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={15893},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp15893},
	abstract={We investigate to what extent workplace unionisation protects workers from external shocks as predicted by models of implicit contracts. Using the COVID-19 pandemic as a plausibly exogenous shock hitting the whole economy, we compare workers who worked in unionised and non-unionised workplaces directly before the pandemic in a difference-in-differences framework. We find that unionised workers were substantially more like to remain working for their pre-COVID employer, at their pre-COVID workplace, in their pre-COVID job and to be in employment. This greater employment stability was not traded off against lower working hours or labour income.
},
	keywords={unions;risk-sharing;implicit contracts;insurance effects;COVID-19},
            }