@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp15711, author={Hamilton, Barton H. and Hincapié, Andrés and Kalish, Emma C. and Papageorge, Nicholas W.}, title={Medical Innovation and Health Disparities}, year={2022}, month={Nov}, institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)}, address={Bonn}, type={IZA Discussion Paper}, number={15711}, url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp15711}, abstract={Health-maximizing and welfare-maximizing behaviors can be at odds, especially among disadvantaged groups, generating health disparities. We estimate a lifecycle model of medication and labor supply decisions using data on HIV-positive men. We evaluate an effective HIV treatment innovation that had harsh side effects: HAART. Measured in lifetime utility gains, HAART disproportionately benefitted higher-education men. Lower-education men were more likely to avoid the side effects of HAART that interfered with work. A counterfactual mandate to use HAART improves health but increases inequality because low-education individuals work less. A counterfactual non-labor income subsidy increases HAART adoption and improves health among lower-education individuals.}, keywords={health disparities;health behaviors;dynamic demand;side effects;structural models;HIV/AIDS}, }