@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp15667,
            	author={Clemens, Michael A. and Lewis, Ethan Gatewood},
            	title={The Effect of Low-Skill Immigration Restrictions on US Firms and Workers: Evidence from a Randomized Lottery},
            	year={2022},
	month={Oct},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={15667},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp15667},
	abstract={The U.S. limits work visas for low-skill jobs outside of agriculture, with a binding quota that firms access via a randomized lottery. We evaluate the marginal impact of the quota on firms entering the 2021 H-2B visa lottery using a novel survey and pre-analysis plan. Firms exogenously authorized to employ more immigrants significantly increase production (elasticity +0.16) with no decrease or an increase in U.S. employment (elasticity +0.10, statistically imprecise) across several pre-registered subsamples. The results imply very low substitutability of native for foreign labor in the policy-relevant occupations. Forensic analysis suggests similarly low substitutability of black-market labor.},
	keywords={elasticity;firms;college;high school;manual;skill;mobility;labor;foreign;immigrant;immigration;substitution;productivity;rural;urban},
            }