%0 Report
        %A Lepinteur, Anthony
%A Clark, Andrew E.
%A Ferrer-i-Carbonell, Ada
%A Piper, Alan
%A Schröder, Carsten
%A D'Ambrosio, Conchita
        %T Gender, Loneliness and Happiness during COVID-19
        %D 2022
        %8 2022 Oct
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 15653
        %U https://www.iza.org/publications/dp15653
        %X We analyse a measure of loneliness from a representative sample of German individuals interviewed in both 2017 and at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Both men and women felt lonelier during the COVID-19 pandemic than they did in 2017. The pandemic more than doubled the gender loneliness gap: women were lonelier than men in 2017, and the 2017-2020 rise in loneliness was far larger for women. This rise is mirrored in life-satisfaction scores. Men's life satisfaction changed only little between 2017 and 2020; yet that of women fell dramatically, and sufficiently so to produce a female penalty in life satisfaction. We estimate that almost all of this female penalty is explained by the disproportionate rise in loneliness for women during the COVID-19 pandemic.
        %K COVID-19
%K loneliness
%K life satisfaction
%K gender
%K SOEP