%0 Report
        %A Caliendo, Marco
%A Graeber, Daniel
%A Kritikos, Alexander S.
%A Seebauer, Johannes
        %T Pandemic Depression: COVID-19 and the Mental Health of the Self-Employed
        %D 2022
        %8 2022 Apr
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 15260
        %U https://www.iza.org/publications/dp15260
        %X We investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-employed people's mental health. Using representative longitudinal survey data from Germany, we reveal differential effects by gender: whereas self-employed women experienced a substantial deterioration in their mental health, self-employed men displayed no significant changes up to early 2021. Financial losses are important in explaining these differences. In addition, we find larger mental health responses among self-employed women who were directly affected by government-imposed restrictions and bore an increased childcare burden due to school and daycare closures. We also find that self-employed individuals who are more resilient coped better with the crisis.

        %K self-employment
%K PHQ-4 score
%K representative longitudinal survey data
%K mental health
%K resilience
%K gender
%K COVID-19