TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Liebert, Helge
AU  - Mäder, Beatrice
        TI  - Physicians and the Production of Health: Returns to Health Care during the Mortality Transition
        PY  - 2022/Apr/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 15220
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp15220
        AB  - This paper investigates the returns to health care provision during the mortality transition. We construct a new panel data set covering German municipalities from 1928 to 1936. The endogeneity of health care supply is addressed by using the expulsion of Jewish physicians from statutory health insurance as exogenous variation in regional physician supply. Increases in the supply of physicians reduce infant mortality and mortality from common childhood diseases. Using a semiparametric control function approach, we find diminishing marginal returns to health care provision. The results are consistent with historical trends in infant mortality over the 20th century.
        KW  - mortality transition
KW  - health care supply
KW  - physicians
KW  - infant mortality
KW  - semiparametric IV
        ER  -