TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Carpenter, Christopher S.
AU  - Lee, Maxine J.
AU  - Nettuno, Laura
        TI  - Economic Outcomes for Transgender People and Other Gender Minorities in the United States: First Estimates from a Nationally Representative Sample
        PY  - 2022/Feb/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 15116
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp15116
        AB  - We provide the literature's first estimates of economic outcomes for transgender people and other gender minorities in the United States using nationally representative data from the Household Pulse Survey. We find that transgender women – individuals who were assigned male at birth but who identify as female – are significantly less likely to be employed, have higher poverty rates, are more likely to have public health insurance, and report greater food insecurity compared to otherwise similar cisgender men. Differences between non-cisgender individuals who were assigned female at birth and cisgender women are smaller. Non-cisgender Black individuals fare significantly worse than non-cisgender white individuals, regardless of sex assigned at birth. Our results demonstrate the precarious economic position of gender minority populations in America.
        KW  - transgender
KW  - gender minority
KW  - economic outcomes
KW  - Household Pulse Survey
        ER  -