TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Anderson, D. Mark
AU  - Charles, Kerwin Kofi
AU  - McKelligott, Michael
AU  - Rees, Daniel I.
        TI  - Estimating the Effects of Milk Inspections on Infant and Child Mortality, 1880-1910
        PY  - 2021/Dec/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 14975
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp14975
        AB  - In the mid-19th century, the urban milk supply in the United States was regularly skimmed or diluted with water, reducing its nutritional value. At the urging of public health experts, cities across the country hired milk inspectors, who were tasked with collecting and analyzing milk samples with the goal of preventing adulteration and skimming. Using city-level data for the period 1880-1910, we explore the effects of milk inspections on infant mortality and mortality among children under the age of 5. Event-study estimates are small and statistically insignificant, providing little evidence of post-treatment reductions in either infant or child mortality.
        KW  - mortality transition
KW  - milk inspections
KW  - infant mortality
KW  - child mortality
KW  - public health
        ER  -