TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Couch, Kenneth A.
AU  - Fairlie, Robert W.
AU  - Xu, Huanan
        TI  - The Evolving Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Gender Inequality in the U.S. Labor Market: The COVID Motherhood Penalty
        PY  - 2021/Nov/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 14811
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp14811
        AB  - We explore whether COVID-19 disproportionately affected women in the labor market using CPS data through the end of 2020. We find that male-female gaps in the employment-to-population ratio and hours worked for women with school-age children have widened but not for those with younger children. Triple-difference estimates are consistent with most of the reductions observed for women with school-age children being attributable to additional child care responsibilities (the "COVID motherhood penalty"). Conducting decompositions, we find women had a greater likelihood to telework, higher education levels and a less-impacted occupational distribution, which all contributed to lessening negative impacts relative to men.
        KW  - gender inequality
KW  - female labor supply
KW  - pandemic
KW  - Coronavirus
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - child care
KW  - motherhood penalty
        ER  -