@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp14811,
            	author={Couch, Kenneth A. and Fairlie, Robert W. and Xu, Huanan},
            	title={The Evolving Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Gender Inequality in the U.S. Labor Market: The COVID Motherhood Penalty},
            	year={2021},
	month={Nov},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={14811},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp14811},
	abstract={We explore whether COVID-19 disproportionately affected women in the labor market using CPS data through the end of 2020. We find that male-female gaps in the employment-to-population ratio and hours worked for women with school-age children have widened but not for those with younger children. Triple-difference estimates are consistent with most of the reductions observed for women with school-age children being attributable to additional child care responsibilities (the "COVID motherhood penalty"). Conducting decompositions, we find women had a greater likelihood to telework, higher education levels and a less-impacted occupational distribution, which all contributed to lessening negative impacts relative to men.},
	keywords={gender inequality;female labor supply;pandemic;Coronavirus;COVID-19;child care;motherhood penalty},
            }