@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp14783,
            	author={Jirjahn, Uwe},
            	title={Membership in Employers' Associations and Collective Bargaining Coverage in Germany},
            	year={2021},
	month={Oct},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={14783},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp14783},
	abstract={While there is a strong overlap between membership in employers' associations and collective bargaining coverage, the overlap is far from being perfect. Using unique firm-level data from Germany, this study estimates the determinants of the membership in employers' associations and the coverage by industry-level or firm-level agreements. The analysis particularly focuses on the various constellations of membership and collective bargaining status. The results show that firm-level worker representation, foreign ownership, work organization, firm size, age and East-West differences are important determinants. Altogether, the analysis demonstrates that a more differentiated picture of industrial relations can be obtained by considering both membership in employers' associations and collective bargaining coverage.},
	keywords={works councils;employers’ associations;firm-level bargaining;industry-level bargaining;union density;foreign ownership},
            }