TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Fukai, Taiyo
AU  - Ikeda, Masato
AU  - Kawaguchi, Daiji
AU  - Yamaguchi, Shintaro
        TI  - COVID-19 and the Employment Gender Gap
        PY  - 2021/Sep/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 14711
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp14711
        AB  - This paper examines how the COVID-19 pandemic affected female employment in Japan. Our estimates indicate that the employment rate of married women with children decreased by 4 percentage points, while that of those without children decreased by only 1 percentage point, implying that increased childcare responsibilities caused a sharp decline in mothers' employment. Further, mothers who left or lost their jobs appear to have dropped out of the labor force even several months after school reopening. In contrast to women, the employment rate of married men with children was not affected, which hindered progress in narrowing the employment gender gap.
        KW  - labor force participation
KW  - employment
KW  - gender gap
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - childcare
        ER  -