%0 Report
        %A Borbely, Daniel
%A Gehrsitz, Markus
%A McIntyre, Stuart
%A Rossi, Gennaro
%A Roy, Graeme
        %T Early-Years Multi-Grade Classes and Pupil Attainment
        %D 2021
        %8 2021 Aug
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 14678
        %U https://www.iza.org/publications/dp14678
        %X We study the effect of exposure to older, more experienced classroom peers resulting from the widespread use of multi-grade classes in Scottish primary schools. For identification, we exploit that a class-planning algorithm quasi-randomly assigns groups of pupils to multi-grade classes. We find that school-starters benefit from exposure to second-graders in measures of numeracy and literacy. 
We find no evidence that these gains are driven by smaller class sizes or more parental input. While short-lived, these benefits accrue independent of socioeconomic background, to boys and girls alike, and do not come at the expense of older peers from the preceding cohort.
        %K multi-grade classes
%K peer effects
%K class-size
%K cognitive skills