%0 Report
        %A Zimpelmann, Christian
%A Gaudecker, Hans-Martin von
%A Holler, Radost
%A Janys, Lena
%A Siflinger, Bettina M.
        %T Drivers of Working Hours and Household Income Dynamics during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of the Netherlands
        %D 2021
        %8 2021 May
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 14382
        %U https://www.iza.org/publications/dp14382
        %X Using customized panel data spanning the entire year of 2020, we analyze the dynamics of working hours and household income across different stages of the CoVid-19 pandemic. Similar to many other countries, during this period the Netherlands experienced a quick spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, adopted a set of fairly strict social distancing measures, gradually reopened, and imposed another lockdown to contain the second wave. We show that socio-economic status is strongly related to changes in working hours, especially when strict economic restrictions are in place. 
In contrast, household income is equally unaffected for all socio-economic groups. Examining the drivers of these observations, we find that pandemic-specific job characteristics (the ability to work from home and essential worker status) explain most of the socio-economic gradient in total working hours. Furthermore, household income is largely decoupled from shocks to working hours for employees. We provide suggestive evidence that large-scale labor hoarding schemes have helped insure employees against demand shocks to their employees.
        %K inequality
%K labor market
%K working from home
%K coronavirus
%K mitigation policies
%K essential workers
%K COVID-19