TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Wang, Xintong
AU  - Flores-Lagunes, Alfonso
        TI  - Conscription and Military Service: Do They Result in Future Violent and Non-Violent Incarcerations and Recidivism?
        PY  - 2020/Dec/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 14003
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp14003
        AB  - Employing nonparametric bounds, we examine the effect of military service on incarceration outcomes using the Vietnam draft lotteries as a possibly invalid instrumental variable for military service. The draft is allowed to have a direct effect on the outcomes independently of military service, disposing of the exclusion restriction. We find: (i) suggestive but not strong statistical evidence that the direct effect of the draft increases the incarceration rate for violent offenses for a particular cohort of draft avoiders, and (ii) military service increases the incarceration rate for violent and nonviolent crimes of white volunteers and veterans in certain birth cohorts.
        KW  - conscription
KW  - military service
KW  - nonparametric bounds
KW  - incarceration
KW  - crime
        ER  -