@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp13920,
            	author={Anderson, D. Mark and Charles, Kerwin Kofi and Rees, Daniel I.},
            	title={The Federal Effort to Desegregate Southern Hospitals and the Black-White Infant Mortality Gap},
            	year={2020},
	month={Dec},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={13920},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp13920},
	abstract={In 1966, Southern hospitals were barred from participating in Medicare unless they discontinued their long-standing practice of racial segregation. Using data from five Deep South states and exploiting county-level variation in Medicare certification dates, we find that gaining access to an ostensibly integrated hospital had no effect on the Black-White infant mortality gap, although it may have discouraged small numbers of Black mothers from giving birth at home attended by a midwife. These results are consistent with descriptions of the federal hospital desegregation campaign as producing only cosmetic changes and illustrate the limits of anti-discrimination policies imposed upon reluctant actors.},
	keywords={hospital desegregation;black infant mortality;Medicare;civil rights},
            }