TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Landmann, Andreas
AU  - Vollan, Björn
AU  - Henning, Karla
AU  - Frölich, Markus
        TI  - Crowding-Out or Crowding-In? Heterogeneous Effects of Insurance on Solidarity
        PY  - 2020/Sep/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 13688
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp13688
        AB  - We analyze whether the availability of formal insurance products affects informal solidarity transfers in two independent behavioral experiments in the Philippines. The first experiment allows for communication, non-anonymity and unrestricted transfers. The second experiment mimics a laboratory setting without communication and preserves anonymity, which minimizes strategic concerns. The introduction of an insurance treatment alters solidarity in both experiments. We find crowding-out effects in the first setting with strategic motives, while there are even crowding-in effects due to insurance availability in the anonymous experiment. These and additional supporting results are in line with crowding-out of strategic, but not necessarily intrinsic motives due to the availability of insurance.
        KW  - insurance
KW  - solidarity
KW  - crowding effects
KW  - lab-in-the-field experiment
KW  - Philippines
        ER  -