@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp13688,
            	author={Landmann, Andreas and Vollan, Björn and Henning, Karla and Frölich, Markus},
            	title={Crowding-Out or Crowding-In? Heterogeneous Effects of Insurance on Solidarity},
            	year={2020},
	month={Sep},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={13688},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp13688},
	abstract={We analyze whether the availability of formal insurance products affects informal solidarity transfers in two independent behavioral experiments in the Philippines. The first experiment allows for communication, non-anonymity and unrestricted transfers. The second experiment mimics a laboratory setting without communication and preserves anonymity, which minimizes strategic concerns. The introduction of an insurance treatment alters solidarity in both experiments. We find crowding-out effects in the first setting with strategic motives, while there are even crowding-in effects due to insurance availability in the anonymous experiment. These and additional supporting results are in line with crowding-out of strategic, but not necessarily intrinsic motives due to the availability of insurance.},
	keywords={insurance;solidarity;crowding effects;lab-in-the-field experiment;Philippines},
            }