%0 Report
        %A Cassidy, Michael T.
        %T A Closer Look: Proximity Boosts Homeless Student Performance in New York City
        %D 2020
        %8 2020 Jul
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 13558
        %U https://www.iza.org/publications/dp13558
        %X Proximity augments homeless students' educational outcomes. Homeless K-8 graders whose families are placed in shelters near their schools have 8 percent (2.4 days) better attendance, are a third (18 percentage points) less likely to change schools, and exhibit higher rates of proficiency and retention. Homeless high schoolers have 5 percent (2.5 days) better attendance, 29 percent (10 pp) lower mobility, and 8 percent (1.6 pp) greater retention when placed locally. These results proceed from novel administrative data on homeless families observed in the context of a scarcity-induced natural experiment in New York City. A complementary instrumental variable strategy exploiting homeless eligibility policy reveals a subset of proximity-elastic students benefit considerably more. Panel evidence demonstrates homelessness does not cause educational impairment as much as reflect large preexisting deficits.
        %K welfare policy
%K poverty alleviation
%K housing
%K families
%K neighborhoods
%K K-12
%K education
%K homelessness
%K program evaluation
%K causal inference