@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp12984,
            	author={Ivlevs, Artjoms},
            	title={Does Emigration Affect Pro-Environmental Behaviour Back Home? A Long-Term, Local-Level Perspective},
            	year={2020},
	month={Feb},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={12984},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp12984},
	abstract={This study provides novel evidence on the effects of emigration on pro-environmental behaviour back home. Focusing on the seven successor states of former Yugoslavia, I explore the relationship between people's present-day pro-environmental action and the local-level intensity of a major guestworker emigration wave that occurred four decades earlier. I find that more intense local-level emigration is associated with a lower likelihood of pro-environmental action; the instrumental variable analysis supports the causal nature of this relationship. 
This finding supports the conjecture that emigration contributes to greater consumerism at home and therefore reduces pro-environmental behaviour. At the same time, controlling for the intensity of local-level emigration, a higher proportion of women in the local migrant population is associated with a greater likelihood of pro-environmental action. As women are generally more likely to undertake pro-environmental behaviour as well as transfer new norms and practices across borders, this finding supports the hypothesis that migration contributes to a cross-border transmission of pro-environmental norms and practices. },
	keywords={emigration;pro-environmental behaviour;former Yugoslavia;monetary remittances;social remittances;instrumental variable analysis;gender effects},
            }