@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp12063,
            	author={Gregory, Terry and Salomons, Anna and Zierahn-Weilage, Ulrich},
            	title={Racing With or Against the Machine? Evidence from Europe},
            	year={2019},
	month={Jan},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={12063},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp12063},
	abstract={A fast-growing literature shows that digital technologies are displacing labor from routine tasks, raising concerns that labor is racing against the machine. We develop a task-based framework to estimate the aggregate labor demand and employment effects of routine-replacing technological change (RRTC), along with the underlying mechanisms. We show that while RRTC has indeed had strong displacement effects in the European Union between 1999 and 2010, it has simultaneously created new jobs through increased product demand, outweighing displacement effects and resulting in net employment growth. However, we also show that this finding depends on the distribution of gains from technological progress.},
	keywords={routine-replacing technological change;tasks;labor demand;local demand spillovers;employment},
            }