@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp11982, author={Galor, Oded and Özak, Ömer and Sarid, Assaf}, title={Geographical Roots of the Coevolution of Cultural and Linguistic Traits}, year={2018}, month={Nov}, institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)}, address={Bonn}, type={IZA Discussion Paper}, number={11982}, url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp11982}, abstract={This research explores the geographical origins of the coevolution of cultural and linguistic traits in the course of human history, relating the geographical roots of long-term orientation to the structure of the future tense, the agricultural determinants of gender bias to the presence of sex-based grammatical gender, and the ecological origins of hierarchical orientation to the existence of politeness distinctions. The study advances the hypothesis and establishes empirically that: (i) geographical characteristics that were conducive to higher natural return to agricultural investment contributed to the existing cross-language variations in the structure of the future tense, (ii) the agricultural determinants of gender gap in agricultural productivity fostered the existence of sex-based grammatical gender, and (iii) the ecological origins of hierarchical societies triggered the emergence of politeness distinctions.}, keywords={comparative development;cultural evolution;language structures;future tense;politeness distinctions;long-term orientation;grammatical gender;gender bias;hierarchy;emergence of states}, }