TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Huffman, David B.
AU  - Bognanno, Michael L.
        TI  - High-Powered Performance Pay and Crowding out of Non-Monetary Motives
        PY  - 2018/Oct/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 11920
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp11920
        AB  - A previous literature cautions that paying workers for performance might crowd out non-monetary motives to work hard. Empirical evidence from the field, however, has been based on between-subjects designs that are best suited for detecting crowding out due to low-powered incentives. High-powered incentives in the workplace tend to increase output, but it is unknown whether this masks crowding out. This paper uses a within-subject experimental design and finds evidence that crowding out also extends to high-powered incentives, in a real work setting with paid workers. There is individual heterogeneity, however, with a minority of workers report crowding in of motivation. Thus, the impact of performance pay might depend on the mix of worker types.
        KW  - intrinsic motivation
KW  - incentives
KW  - non-cognitive skills
KW  - experiment
        ER  -