TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Bingley, Paul
AU  - Heinesen, Eskil
AU  - Krassel, Karl Fritjof
AU  - Kristensen, Nicolai
        TI  - The Timing of Instruction Time: Accumulated Hours, Timing and Pupil Achievement
        PY  - 2018/Sep/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 11807
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp11807
        AB  - Instruction time varies among schools, subjects, pupils and grades. This variation is positively associated with test scores and has been used to identify modest positive causal effects for instruction hours in certain grades. We exploit administrative data on delivered and timetabled instruction time in each grade throughout compulsory school for three full cohorts of Danish children, and find positive marginal hours effects on 9th grade test scores using accumulated time which are twice as large as when using 9th grade time only. Effects are largest for low SES households and for boys with non-western immigrant background, especially in the early grades.
        KW  - school resources
KW  - test scores
KW  - time in education
        ER  -