TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Truong, N. T. Khuong
AU  - Sweetman, Arthur
        TI  - Basic Information and Communication Technology Skills among Canadian Immigrants and Non-Immigrants
        PY  - 2018/Sep/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 11801
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp11801
        AB  - Male immigrants are observed to be disproportionately employed in ICT information and communication technology (ICT) industries and occupations. A measure of basic ICT skills is employed to document differences in skill levels and labour market earnings across immigration classes and categories of Canadians at birth. Adult immigrants, including those assessed by the points system, are found to have lower average ICT scores than Canadians at birth, although the rate of return to ICT skills is not statistically different between them. Immigrants who arrive as children, and the Canadian-born children of immigrants, have similar outcomes to the Canadian-born children of Canadian-born parents. 
        KW  - digital literacy
KW  - problem-solving in technology-rich environments (PSTRE)
KW  - PIAAC
KW  - skills
KW  - immigration
KW  - information and communication technologies (ICT)
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - skill shortage
        ER  -