@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp11442,
            	author={Carrillo-Tudela, Carlos and Launov, Andrey and Robin, Jean-Marc},
            	title={The Fall in German Unemployment: A Flow Analysis},
            	year={2018},
	month={Mar},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={11442},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp11442},
	abstract={In this paper we investigate the recent fall in unemployment, and the rise in part-time work, labour market participation, inequality and welfare in Germany. Unemployment fell because the Hartz IV reform induced a large fraction of the long-term unemployed to deregister as jobseekers and appear as non-participants. Yet, labour force participation increased because many unregistered-unemployed workers ended up accepting low-paid part-time work that was offered in quantity in absence of a universal minimum wage. A large part of the rise in part-time work was also due to the tax benefits Hartz II introduced to take up a mini-job as secondary employment. This has provided an easy way to top-up labour income staggering under the pressure of wage moderation. The rise in part-time work led to an increase in inequality at the lower end of income distribution. Overall we find that Germany increased welfare as unemployment fell.},
	keywords={income inequality;multiple job holding;non-participation;mini-jobs;part-time work;unemployment;Germany;Hartz reforms},
            }