@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp11157,
            	author={Ramos, Xavier and gaer, Dirk Van de},
            	title={Is Inequality of Opportunity Robust to the Measurement Approach?},
            	year={2017},
	month={Nov},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={11157},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp11157},
	abstract={Recent literature has suggested many ways of measuring equality of opportunity. We analyze in a systematic manner the various approaches put forth in the literature to show whether and to what extent different choices matter empirically. We use EU-SILC data for most European countries for 2005 and 2011. The choice between ex-ante and ex-post approaches is crucial and has a substantial influence on inequality of opportunity country orderings. Growth regressions also illustrate the relevance of conceptual choices. We only find significant negative effects for some direct parametric ex-ante measures.},
	keywords={equality of opportunity;measurement;ex-ante;ex-post;direct approach;indirect approach;responsibility;effort;income;EU-SILC},
            }