%0 Report
        %A Jirjahn, Uwe
%A Smith, Stephen C.
        %T Nonunion Employee Representation: Theory and the German Experience with Mandated Works Councils
        %D 2017
        %8 2017 Oct
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 11066
        %U https://www.iza.org/publications/dp11066
        %X Theories of how nonunion employee representation impacts firm performance, affects market equilibria, and generates externalities on labor and society are synthesized. Mandated works councils in Germany provide a particularly strong form of nonunion employee representation. A systematic review of research on the German experience with mandated works councils finds generally positive effects, though these effects depend on a series of moderating factors and some impacts remain ambiguous. Finally, key questions for empirical research on nonunion employee representation, which have previously been little analyzed in the literature, are reviewed.
        %K organizational failures
%K works councils
%K nonunion representation
%K market failures
%K society