@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp1063,
            	author={Cortes, Kalena E.},
            	title={Are Refugees Different from Economic Immigrants? Some Empirical Evidence on the Heterogeneity of Immigrant Groups in the United States},
            	year={2004},
	month={Mar},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={1063},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp1063},
	abstract={This paper analyzes how the implicit difference in time horizons between refugees and
economic immigrants affects subsequent human capital investments and wage assimilation.
The analysis uses the 1980/1990 Integrated Public Use Samples of the Census to study
labor market outcomes of immigrants who arrived in the U.S. from 1975 to 1980. I find that in
1980 refugee immigrants in this cohort earned 6 percent less and worked 14 percent fewer
hours than economic immigrants. Both had about the same level of English skills. The two
immigrant groups had made substantial gains by 1990; however, refugees had made greater
gains. In fact, the labor market outcomes of refugee immigrants surpassed those of economic
immigrants. In 1990, refugees from the 1975-1980 arrival cohort earned 20 percent more,
worked 4 percent more hours, and improved their English skills by 11 percent relative to
economic immigrants. The higher rates of human capital accumulation for refugee
immigrants contribute to these findings.},
	keywords={human capital investment;refugee and economic immigrants;wage growth},
            }