TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Karachiwalla, Naureen
AU  - Park, Albert
        TI  - Promotion Incentives in the Public Sector: Evidence from Chinese Schools
        PY  - 2017/Feb/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 10547
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp10547
        AB  - We provide evidence that promotion incentives influence the effort of public employees by studying China's system of promotions for teachers. Predictions from a tournament model of promotion are tested using retrospective panel data on primary and middle school teachers. Consistent with theory, high wage increases for promotion are associated with better performance, teachers increase effort in years leading up to promotion eligibility, and reduce effort if they are repeatedly passed over for promotion. Evaluation scores are positively associated with teacher time use and with student test scores, diminishing concerns that evaluations are manipulated. 
        KW  - teacher incentives
KW  - promotions
KW  - China
        ER  -