TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Hampf, Franziska
AU  - Woessmann, Ludger
        TI  - Vocational vs. General Education and Employment over the Life-Cycle: New Evidence from PIAAC
        PY  - 2016/Oct/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 10298
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp10298
        AB  - It has been argued that vocational education facilitates the school-to-work transition but reduces later adaptability to changing environments. Using the recent international PIAAC data, we confirm such a trade-off over the life-cycle in a difference-in-differences model that compares employment rates across education type and age. An initial employment advantage of individuals with vocational compared to general education turns into a disadvantage later in life. Results are strongest in apprenticeship countries that provide the highest intensity of industry-based vocational education.
        KW  - vocational education
KW  - apprenticeship
KW  - employment
KW  - life-cycle
KW  - PIAAC
        ER  -