%0 Report
        %A Hampf, Franziska
%A Woessmann, Ludger
        %T Vocational vs. General Education and Employment over the Life-Cycle: New Evidence from PIAAC
        %D 2016
        %8 2016 Oct
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 10298
        %U https://www.iza.org/publications/dp10298
        %X It has been argued that vocational education facilitates the school-to-work transition but reduces later adaptability to changing environments. Using the recent international PIAAC data, we confirm such a trade-off over the life-cycle in a difference-in-differences model that compares employment rates across education type and age. An initial employment advantage of individuals with vocational compared to general education turns into a disadvantage later in life. Results are strongest in apprenticeship countries that provide the highest intensity of industry-based vocational education.
        %K vocational education
%K apprenticeship
%K employment
%K life-cycle
%K PIAAC