@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp10298,
            	author={Hampf, Franziska and Woessmann, Ludger},
            	title={Vocational vs. General Education and Employment over the Life-Cycle: New Evidence from PIAAC},
            	year={2016},
	month={Oct},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={10298},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp10298},
	abstract={It has been argued that vocational education facilitates the school-to-work transition but reduces later adaptability to changing environments. Using the recent international PIAAC data, we confirm such a trade-off over the life-cycle in a difference-in-differences model that compares employment rates across education type and age. An initial employment advantage of individuals with vocational compared to general education turns into a disadvantage later in life. Results are strongest in apprenticeship countries that provide the highest intensity of industry-based vocational education.},
	keywords={vocational education;apprenticeship;employment;life-cycle;PIAAC},
            }