TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Cerveny, Jakub
AU  - Ours, Jan C. van
AU  - Tuijl, Martin A. van
        TI  - Effects of a Red Card on Goal-Scoring in World Cup Football Matches
        PY  - 2016/Aug/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 10174
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp10174
        AB  - We examine the effect of the sending-off of a player on the goal-scoring rates in FIFA World Cup matches in tournaments from 1998 to 2014. We use a hazard rate framework in which the effect of a red card is modeled as a shift in the goal-scoring rate. A red card may harm the team that receives a red card and may be beneficial for their opponent. Indeed, we find that the goal-scoring rate of the sanctioned team goes down, while the goal-scoring rate of the non-sanctioned team goes up.
        KW  - association football
KW  - goal-scoring
KW  - red card
KW  - World Cup football matches
        ER  -