@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp10174,
            	author={Cerveny, Jakub and Ours, Jan C. van and Tuijl, Martin A. van},
            	title={Effects of a Red Card on Goal-Scoring in World Cup Football Matches},
            	year={2016},
	month={Aug},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={10174},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp10174},
	abstract={We examine the effect of the sending-off of a player on the goal-scoring rates in FIFA World Cup matches in tournaments from 1998 to 2014. We use a hazard rate framework in which the effect of a red card is modeled as a shift in the goal-scoring rate. A red card may harm the team that receives a red card and may be beneficial for their opponent. Indeed, we find that the goal-scoring rate of the sanctioned team goes down, while the goal-scoring rate of the non-sanctioned team goes up.},
	keywords={association football;goal-scoring;red card;World Cup football matches},
            }