@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp10170,
            	author={Johnsen, Reid and LaRiviere, Jacob and Wolff, Hendrik},
            	title={Estimating Indirect Benefits: Fracking, Coal and Air Pollution},
            	year={2016},
	month={Aug},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={10170},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp10170},
	abstract={This paper estimates indirect benefits of improved air quality induced by hydraulic fracturing, or "fracking". The recent increase in natural gas supply led to displacement of coal-fired electricity by cleaner natural gas-fired generation. Using detailed spatial panel data comprising the near universe of US power plants, we find that coal generation decreased by 28%. Further, fracking decreased local air pollution by an average of 4%. We show that benefits vary geographically; air pollution levels decreased by 35% in the most affected region. Back of the envelope calculations imply accumulated health benefits of roughly $17 billion annually.},
	keywords={fracking;coal-fired power plants;air pollution;health;electricity},
            }