TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Clemens, Michael A.
AU  - Montenegro, Claudio
AU  - Pritchett, Lant
        TI  - Bounding the Price Equivalent of Migration Barriers
        PY  - 2016/Mar/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 9789
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp9789
        AB  - Large international differences in the price of labor can be sustained by differences between workers, or by natural and policy barriers to worker mobility. We use migrant selection theory and evidence to place lower bounds on the ad valorem equivalent of labor mobility barriers to the United States, with unique nationally-representative microdata on both U.S. immigrant workers and workers in their 42 home countries. The average price equivalent of migration barriers in this setting, for low-skill males, is greater than $13,700 per worker per year. Natural and policy barriers may each create annual global losses of trillions of dollars.
        KW  - migration
KW  - growth
KW  - impact
KW  - GDP
KW  - tariff
KW  - quota
KW  - deadweight
KW  - cost
KW  - visa
KW  - barrier
KW  - price
KW  - wedge
        ER  -