TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Zhang, Liang
AU  - Ehrenberg, Ronald G.
AU  - Liu, Xiangmin
        TI  - Changing Faculty Employment at Four-Year Colleges and Universities in the United States
        PY  - 2015/Dec/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 9595
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp9595
        AB  - We use panel data models to examine variations and changes in faculty employment at four-year colleges and universities in the United States. The share of part-time faculty among total faculty has continued to grow during the last two decades, while the share of full-time lecturers and instructors has been relatively stable. Meanwhile, the share of non-tenure track faculty among full-time faculty has been growing, especially among the professorial ranks.
Dynamic panel data models suggest that employment levels of different types of faculty respond to a variety of economic and institutional factors. Colleges and universities have increasingly employed faculty whose salaries and benefits are relatively inexpensive; the slowly deteriorating financial situations at most colleges and universities have led to an increasing reliance on a contingent academic workforce. A cross-sectional comparison of the share of full-time non-tenure track faculty also reveals significant variations across institutions.
        KW  - faculty employment
KW  - non tenure-track faculty
        ER  -