%0 Report
        %A Zhang, Liang
%A Ehrenberg, Ronald G.
%A Liu, Xiangmin
        %T Changing Faculty Employment at Four-Year Colleges and Universities in the United States
        %D 2015
        %8 2015 Dec
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 9595
        %U https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp9595
        %X We use panel data models to examine variations and changes in faculty employment at four-year colleges and universities in the United States. The share of part-time faculty among total faculty has continued to grow during the last two decades, while the share of full-time lecturers and instructors has been relatively stable. Meanwhile, the share of non-tenure track faculty among full-time faculty has been growing, especially among the professorial ranks.
Dynamic panel data models suggest that employment levels of different types of faculty respond to a variety of economic and institutional factors. Colleges and universities have increasingly employed faculty whose salaries and benefits are relatively inexpensive; the slowly deteriorating financial situations at most colleges and universities have led to an increasing reliance on a contingent academic workforce. A cross-sectional comparison of the share of full-time non-tenure track faculty also reveals significant variations across institutions.
        %K faculty employment
%K non tenure-track faculty