@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp9458,
            	author={Woo, Seokjin and Lee, Soohyung and Kim, Kyunghee},
            	title={Carrot and Stick? Impact of a Low-Stakes School Accountability Program on Student Achievement},
            	year={2015},
	month={Oct},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={9458},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp9458},
	abstract={A key concern in the design of education policies relates to the structure of incentives in accountability systems. This paper examines a school accountability program that provides financial support to low-performing schools but has no direct punishment scheme for recipients who do not exhibit improvement. Although the program does not include high-stakes consequences, our estimates indicate that the program reduced the share of underperforming students by 18 percent. This paper's results suggest that to improve student achievement, a school accountability program does not need to set high-stakes consequences that potentially induce unwanted strategic behaviors on the part of school workers.},
	keywords={school performance;student achievement;school accountability;fuzzy regression discontinuity design},
            }