TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Tuccio, Michele
AU  - Wahba, Jackline
        TI  - Can I Have Permission to Leave the House? Return Migration and the Transfer of Gender Norms
        PY  - 2015/Jul/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 9216
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp9216
        AB  - Does international return migration transfer gender norms? Focusing on Jordan, an Arab country where discrimination against women and emigration rates are high, this paper exploits unique data in which detailed information on female empowerment allows us to construct several measures of discriminatory social norms in Jordan on the role of women, female freedom of mobility, and female decision-making power.
Controlling for both emigration and return migration selections, we find that women with a returnee family member are more likely to have internalized discriminatory gender norms than women in households with no migration experience. Further analysis shows that results are driven by returnees from conservative Arab countries, suggesting a transfer of negative norms from highly discriminatory destinations. We also show the implications of our results beyond perceptions for several economic and development outcomes, such as female labour force participation, education and fertility.
        KW  - gender inequality
KW  - international return migration
KW  - transfer of norms
        ER  -