TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Alix-Garcia, Jennifer
AU  - Wolff, Hendrik
        TI  - Payment for Ecosystem Services from Forests
        PY  - 2014/May/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 8179
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp8179
        AB  - Every year between 2000 and 2010, our planet lost native forests roughly the size of Costa Rica. (FAO, 2010). This rapid deforestation has dramatically changed the chemical composition of the world's atmosphere, the level of biodiversity, and the presence of vegetation key to maintaining watershed function and preventing landslides. There has been a boom in the design of local and international policy instruments to prevent further deforestation and encourage forest growth. This paper reviews the theory and evidence surrounding forest-related Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes intended to slow and reverse deforestation. We cover the most recent work touching on a range of issues related to PES programs, including research on targeting, contract design, environmental effectiveness, challenges to program implementation, spillovers, and distributional considerations of conditional cash transfers. We also highlight areas of potential future research.
        KW  - conditional cash transfers
KW  - climate change
KW  - reforestation
KW  - afforestation
KW  - deforestation
KW  - environmental policy
KW  - PES
        ER  -