TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Bratti, Massimiliano
AU  - Conti, Chiara
        TI  - The Effect of (Mostly Unskilled) Immigration on the Innovation of Italian Regions
        PY  - 2014/Jan/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 7922
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp7922
        AB  - We use small Italian regions (i.e. provinces) to investigate the causal effect of foreign immigration on innovation during 2003-2008. Using instrumental variables estimation (based on immigrants' enclaves), we find that the overall stock of immigrants did not have any effect on innovation. However, decomposing the overall effect into the contributions of low- and high-skilled migrants shows that an increase of 1 percentage point in the share of low-skilled migrants on the population reduces patent applications by about 0.2%. By contrast, the impact of high-skilled immigrants on innovation is positive, in line with the previous literature, but cannot be precisely estimated.
        KW  - patent applications
KW  - innovation
KW  - immigration
KW  - regions
KW  - Italy
        ER  -