TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Miranda, Alfonso
AU  - Zhu, Yu
        TI  - The Causal Effect of Deficiency at English on Female Immigrants' Labor Market Outcomes in the UK
        PY  - 2013/Dec/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 7841
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp7841
        AB  - We investigate the extent to which deficiency at English as measured by English as Additional Language (EAL), contribute to the immigrant-native wage gap for female employees in the UK, controlling for covariates. To deal with the endogeneity of EAL and a substantial problem of self-selection into employment we suggest a 3-step estimator (TSE). The properties of this estimator are investigated in a Monte Carlo simulation study and we show evidence that TSE delivers a consistent and asymptotically normal estimator. We find a large and statistically significant causal effect of EAL on the immigrant-native wage gap for women.
        KW  - endogenous treatment
KW  - immigrant-native wage gap
KW  - English as Additional Language (EAL)
KW  - sample selection
        ER  -