TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Hotz, V. Joseph
AU  - Pantano, Juan
        TI  - Strategic Parenting, Birth Order and School Performance
        PY  - 2013/Oct/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 7680
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp7680
        AB  - Fueled by new evidence, there has been renewed interest about the effects of birth order on human capital accumulation. The underlying causal mechanisms for such effects remain unsettled. We consider a model in which parents impose more stringent disciplinary environments in response to their earlier-born children's poor performance in school in order to deter such outcomes for their later-born offspring. We provide robust empirical evidence that school performance of children in the NLSY-C declines with birth order as does the stringency of their parents' disciplinary restrictions. And, when asked how they will respond if a child brought home bad grades, parents state that they would be less likely to punish their later-born children. Taken together, these patterns are consistent with a reputation model of strategic parenting.
        KW  - birth order
KW  - school performance
KW  - grades
KW  - parenting
KW  - parental rules
        ER  -