@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp7680,
            	author={Hotz, V. Joseph and Pantano, Juan},
            	title={Strategic Parenting, Birth Order and School Performance},
            	year={2013},
	month={Oct},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={7680},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp7680},
	abstract={Fueled by new evidence, there has been renewed interest about the effects of birth order on human capital accumulation. The underlying causal mechanisms for such effects remain unsettled. We consider a model in which parents impose more stringent disciplinary environments in response to their earlier-born children's poor performance in school in order to deter such outcomes for their later-born offspring. We provide robust empirical evidence that school performance of children in the NLSY-C declines with birth order as does the stringency of their parents' disciplinary restrictions. And, when asked how they will respond if a child brought home bad grades, parents state that they would be less likely to punish their later-born children. Taken together, these patterns are consistent with a reputation model of strategic parenting.},
	keywords={birth order;school performance;grades;parenting;parental rules},
            }