TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Caliendo, Marco
AU  - Künn, Steffen
        TI  - Getting Back into the Labor Market: The Effects of Start-Up Subsidies for Unemployed Females
        PY  - 2012/Aug/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 6830
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp6830
        AB  - A shortage of skilled labor and low female labor market participation are problems many developed countries have to face. Besides activating inactive women, one possible solution is to support the re-integration of unemployed women. Due to female-specific labor market constraints (preferences for flexible working hours, discrimination), this is a difficult task, and the question arises whether active labor market policies (ALMP) are an appropriate tool to do so. Promoting self-employment among the unemployed might be promising. Starting their own business might give women more independence and flexibility in allocating their time to work and family. Access to long-term informative data allows us to close existing research gaps, and we investigate the impact of two start-up programs on long-run labor market and fertility outcomes of female participants. We find that start-up programs persistently integrate former unemployed women into the labor market and partly improve their income situations. The impact on fertility is less detrimental than for traditional ALMP programs.
        KW  - female labor force participation
KW  - evaluation
KW  - start-up subsidies
KW  - long-term effects
KW  - fertility
        ER  -