@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp6830,
            	author={Caliendo, Marco and Künn, Steffen},
            	title={Getting Back into the Labor Market: The Effects of Start-Up Subsidies for Unemployed Females},
            	year={2012},
	month={Aug},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={6830},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp6830},
	abstract={A shortage of skilled labor and low female labor market participation are problems many developed countries have to face. Besides activating inactive women, one possible solution is to support the re-integration of unemployed women. Due to female-specific labor market constraints (preferences for flexible working hours, discrimination), this is a difficult task, and the question arises whether active labor market policies (ALMP) are an appropriate tool to do so. Promoting self-employment among the unemployed might be promising. Starting their own business might give women more independence and flexibility in allocating their time to work and family. Access to long-term informative data allows us to close existing research gaps, and we investigate the impact of two start-up programs on long-run labor market and fertility outcomes of female participants. We find that start-up programs persistently integrate former unemployed women into the labor market and partly improve their income situations. The impact on fertility is less detrimental than for traditional ALMP programs.},
	keywords={female labor force participation;evaluation;start-up subsidies;long-term effects;fertility},
            }