@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp6139,
            	author={Binzel, Christine},
            	title={Decline in Social Mobility: Unfulfilled Aspirations among Egypt's Educated Youth},
            	year={2011},
	month={Nov},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={6139},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp6139},
	abstract={This paper studies how the gradual suspension of an employment guarantee scheme for secondary and post-secondary graduates has affected intergenerational mobility across well-educated cohorts in Egypt. The empirical results support suggestive evidence in the Middle East of a decline in social mobility among the increasingly well-educated youth. The results further indicate that unequal opportunities are due to difficulties in attaining high-level occupations in the formal private sector for graduates from a lower socio-economic background, and that personal connections may play a decisive role. Thus, aside from credit market imperfections, labor market constraints may be important in explaining low social mobility.},
	keywords={intergenerational mobility;Islamic revival;schooling;labor market},
            }